How can a certain note sung by a singer cause a crystal glass to shatter?
Best answer:
Answer by heroofhyla
All materials have a resonance frequency, which is a wavelength at which their oscillations are very high. The singer's voice hits that frequency(pitch), and causes the glass to resonate,and eventually shatter.
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Sound waves at a certain pitch can cause fragile glass to shimmy and thus causing it to shatter. It’s rare and the glass must be thin and susceptible to that particular sound wave. Generally, it’s high frequency sound.
All materials have a certain frequency, called its Natural frequency, with which their structure (their atomic/molecular lattice) vibrates if a disturbance is impinged upon it. That is if a force is applied and then stopped (like pulling a spring and letting go), the disturbance propagates through the structure with certain frequency. (ofcourse it would be damped oscillations, so they stop after some time). This is called natural frequency.
Now, if the applied force itself is applied periodically, then we can have some sustained oscillations. (Like if a swing is pushed and then let go, and again pushed and then let go, periodically). This is called forcing frequency.
Now, if the frequency with which we are applying this force matches the natural frequency, they reinforce each other and therefore, the amplitude goes on increasing. This is called resonance. (Like if a swing is pushed exactly each time it finishes one oscillation).
When a singer sings a note, there are various harmonics in the sound, one of whose frequency could match the natural frequency of the cystal. The oscillations increases unless the material gives away and cracks.